The lunar month starts with the new moon, also called "The Dark Moon". From the New Moon to the first quarter and from the first quarter to the Full Moon, the moon appears to grow from nothing to a crescent, and then to a full circle at mid-month.These are the waxing phases.
The waning phases are when the moon reduces from the Full Moon back down to the New Moon into darkness. As the moon wanes during the 3rd and 4th quarters, this is a good time to prune plants, as the water table diminishes also less sap will flow out of the cut ends. The plants are said to concentrate toward their roots, making this a favorable time for planting, transplanting and harvesting in general. The 4th quarter is the most dormant period and is good for chores like weeding.
During The New Moon up until The Half Moon, plant annuals or crops that will be harvested for their tops and that don't produce what we consider fruit.
The Second Quarter
From The Half Moon to The Full Moon, plant annuals that have seeds inside their fruit.
Waning Moon
The Third Quarter
From The Full Moon to The Half Moon plant roots and bulbs, perennials, trees, and shrubs.
The Fourth Quarter
From The Half Moon to The New Moon, do other garden chores besides planting, especially pruning, avoid gardening on The Full or The New Moon.